Abraham Birth name Abram Birthplace Ur Kaśdim, Mesopotamia Death place … It should be stated that there are scholars who hold, with the Septuagint, that Ur means, not a city, but perhaps a land in which the patriarch pastured his flocks, as for instance, the land of Uri or Ura (Akkad). The first article is titled "Home of Abraham, Ur, unearthed by archaeologists in Iraq". Similarly, in Genesis 24:4–10, Abraham instructs his servant to bring a wife for Isaac from his moledet, and the servant departs for Haran. Traditional Jewish and Muslim authorities, such as Maimonides and Josephus, placed Ur Kaśdim at various Upper Mesopotamian or at other southeast Anatolian sites[citation needed] such as Urkesh, Urartu, Urfa, or Kutha. are from N.Y.U. Other sites traditionally thought to be Abraham's birthplace are in the vicinity of the city of Edessa (Şanlıurfa in modern south eastern Turkey). He is widely regarded as the patriarch of Jews, Christians, and Muslims and the founder of monotheism. This borders on the district which in the 1st millennium B.C. It was a world-class city. Although not explicitly stated in the Tanakh, it is generally understood to be the birthplace of Abraham. It is either anachronistic, or a poor translation. The traditional Jewish understanding of the word moledet is "birthplace" (e.g. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִים ‎ ‎ ’Ūr Ḵaśdîm), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldees, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham.One of the traditional sites of Abraham's birth is placed in the vicinity of the city of Edessa (Sanliurfa in modern Turkey). [11] Decades later, Gordon was my teacher at New York University in the 1970s, and thus his views on the matter became part of my teaching and research, as reflected in this essay. In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. (i:e, Ur Kaśdim = Ur of the Keśeds)" (Jubilees 11:3) It also represents Abraham's immediate ancestors as dwelling in Ur Kaśdim beginning with his great-grandfather, Serug. There is only one way to describe Ur of the Chaldees. Although not explicitly stated in the Tanakh, it is generally understood to be the birthplace of Abraham. Ur of the Chaldees, according to the Book of Jubilees (11:3), was founded by Ur, son of Keśed, presumably the offspring of Arphaxad. Pinches[16] and A.T. Clay,[17][18] some Talmudic and medieval Arabic writers identified Ur of the Chaldees with the Sumerian city of Uruk, called Erech in the Bible and Warka in Arabic. His Ph.D. and M.A. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִים ‎ ’Ūr Ḵaśdîm), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldees, is a city mentioned in the Book of Genesis as the birthplace of the Patriarch Abraham.There is much debate about the city's location. Ur of the Chaldees. The Septuagint translation of Genesis does not include the term "Ur"; instead it describes the "Land (Chora) of the Chaldees". The 2073 BCE was deleted. In Genesis 12:1, after Abram and his father Terah have left Ur Kaśdim for the city of Haran (probably Harran), God instructs Abram to leave his native land (Hebrew moledet). [22][23], Rendsburg points out that this location makes better sense of the Biblical references, especially that if Teraḥ and family left Ur-Kasdim to travel to Canaan, but stopped en route in Ḥarran, then the location of Ur-Kasdim should be to the north of Ḥarran. The problem with "Chaldeans" is that it is a late word used in the Neo-Babylonian times. One of the traditional sites of Abraham's birth … It wasn’t excavated until the 1900’s. Có hai thành phố được xem có thể là thành Ur quê hương của Abraham, cả hai đều không xa Harran: Ura và Urfa. Abraham was from the city of Ur according to Genesis 11:31 above. Archaeologists tell us that in Abraham’s day perhaps 250,000 people lived there. And the significance of Shelah is that he dies at 433 the year Ur is destroyed by the English-Hittites of Hattusa in the north. Woolley’s Ur Revisited, Richard L. Zettler, BAR 10:05, Sep/Oct 1984. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ur_of_the_Chaldees&oldid=1001102523, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 18 January 2021, at 07:15. ", "Home of Abraham, Ur, unearthed by archaeologists in Iraq", "Birthplace of Abraham Gets a New Lease on Life | Popular Archaeology - exploring the past", "Journey of Faith - National Geographic Magazine", "City of Biblical Abraham Brimmed With Trade and Riches", "Ancient site unearthed in Iraqi home of Abraham", "Archaeologists Glance Into Fox Burrow in Iraq, Find 4,000-year-old Sumerian Port", "Book of Jubilees: The Book of Jubilees: The History of the Patriarchs from Reu to Abraham; the Corruption of the Human Race (xi. In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. script type="text/javascript"> Ur Kaśdim or Ur of the Chaldees (אוּר כַּשְׂדִים) is the town in the Hebrew Bible and related literature where Abraham (origin. See also Cyrus H. Gordon, “Where Is Abraham’s Ur?” Biblical Archaeology Review 3.2 (June 1977), pp. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים ‎ ʾur kasdim), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham.In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim … 199‒207, 314‒15. He taught at New York University (alma mater of the present writer) and advocated for the return of the Jews to the Holy Land. [21], The Turkish name for the city, Urfa, is derived from the earlier Syriac ܐܘܪܗܝ (Orhāy) and Greek Ορρα (Orrha), the city being a major centre of Assyrian-Syriac Christianity. Genesis 11:28-31 identifies Abraham’s original hometown as “Ur of the Chaldees,” or “Ur of the Chaldeans.” Sometime during Abraham’s adult life, probably while he was already about seventy years old, his father Terah moved the family clan to the city of Haran in northern Syria as the first step in a planned migration to the land of Canaan. In her Travels (chapter XX), Egeria, recording travels dated to the early 380s AD, mentions Hur lying five stations from Nisibis on the way to Persia, apparently the same location, and she does identify it with Ur Kaśdim. The final scene of the film is a showdown in which Abraham defiantly refuses to acknowledge Nimrod's bald self-declaration as "God Supreme" of the world. "And 'Ur, the son of Keśed, built the city of 'Ara of the Chaldees, and called its name after his own name and the name of his father. [24], According to A.S. Issar, Ur Kasdim is identified with the site of Urkesh – the capital of the Hurrian Kingdom, now in northeastern Syria. Writing in the 4th century CE, Ammianus Marcellinus in his Rerum Gestarum Libri (chapter VIII) mentions a castle named Ur which lay between Hatra and Nisibis. Ur Kaśdim or Ur of the Chaldees (אוּר כַּשְׂדִים) is a biblical place mentioned in the Book of Genesis that refers to a location that the Patriarch Abraham may have been from. 1-15)", "Eusebius of Caesarea: Praeparatio Evangelica (Preparation for the Gospel). E.H. Gifford (1903) - Book 9", "Birthplace of Abraham Gets a New Lease on Life", "Ur of the Chaldees - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia", "ur of the Chaldees - International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Bible Encyclopedia", "RaMBaN on Lech Lecha — Summary of Lech Lecha", "The Cave of Prophet Abraham : Sanliurfa, Turkey". To reach the Promised Land, Abraham journeyed through modern-day Syria. Furthermore, how long did it take Abraham to get to the promised land? According to some Jewish traditions, this is the site where Abraham was cast into a furnace by Nimrod as punishment for his monotheistic beliefs, but miraculously escaped unscathed. Abraham was sent by God from his home in Ur Kaśdim and Haran (perhaps Harran) to Canaan, the land promised to his descendants by Yahweh. According to T.G. Abraham đi đến Harran, lưu lại một thời gian ngắn, rồi cùng vợ Sarai và người cháu tên Lot, cùng các tôi tớ tiếp tục cuộc di cư đến xứ Canaan. (Such indirect quotations of Eupolemus via Polyhistor are referred to as Pseudo-Eupolemus.) Many Pentateuchal translations, from the Septuagint to some modern English versions, render moledet as "kindred" or "family". “By faith Abraham obeyed when he was called to go out to a place that he was to receive as an inheritance. Prof. Gary Rendsburg serves as the Blanche and Irving Laurie Professor of Jewish History in the Department of Jewish Studies at Rutgers University. by "'Ur, son of Keśed", presumably the offspring of Arphaxad, adding that wars began on Earth that same year." In 1862, Henry Rawlinson first identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. The identification of Sumerian Ur with Ur Kaśdim accords with the view that Abraham's ancestors may have been moon-worshippers, an idea based on the possibility that the name of Abraham's father Terah is related to the Hebrew root for moon (y-r-h). In Genesis, the name is found in 11:28, 11:31 and 15:7. It was the sacred city of the moon god and the name "Camarina" is thought to be related to the much later appearing Arabic word for "moon": qamar. Ur of the Chaldees, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Ismaelite and Israelite patriarch Abraham. It is further hypothesized that the Biblical travel of Abraham's kin from Urkesh to Harran in order to reach Canaan is much more reasonable than a travel from the Sumerian city of Ur. [12] Its official Turkish name is Şanlıurfa. Jewish scholarship identifies Abraham's birthplace as somewhere in Upper Mesopotamia. נָּהָר han-nahar “the River” refers specifically to the Euphrates, see David J. Ur Kaśdim, commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Bible as the birthplace of the patriarch Abraham father of Isacc and Ishmael. [citation needed] In the story, the temperature of the king's fire was reduced by God, saving the life of Ibrahim. Both scholars reject the equation. Recent archaeological work focuses on the area of Nasiriyah (in southern Iraq), where the remains of the ancient Ziggurat of Ur stand.[14][15][5]. Birthplace: Ur Kaśdim, Ur of the Chaldees; Abraham features in the Book of Genesis as the founding patriarch of the Israelites, Ishmaelites and Edomite peoples. Ur Kaśdim, commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Bible as the birthplace of the patriarch Abraham father of Isacc and Ishmael. Another possible location for Ur of the Chaldees (Ur Kasdim) is the ancient Assyrian and Seleucid city Edessa, now called Şanlıurfa. The Halil-Ur Rahman Mosque lies in the vicinity of the cave. Ur Kasdim: Where Is Abraham’s Birthplace? Genesis 11:27–28 names it as the birthplace of Abraham's brother Haran, and the point of departure of Terah's household, including his son Abram. A fascinating character to be sure, whose story now has been told in lively fashion in, Shalom Goldman, God’s Sacred Tongue: Hebrew and the American Imagination (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), pp. The most generally-accepted theory at the present time is that Ur is to be identified with the modern Mugheir (or Mughayyar, \"the pitchy\") in Southern Babylonia, called Urumma, or Urima, and later Uru in the inscriptions. In Genesis, the name is found in 11:28, 11:31 and 15:7. [14] George Bush is distantly related to the two scions of the presidential family bearing the same name. [13] Woolley's identification was challenged with the discovery of city of Harran in northern Mesopotamia, near the present-day village of Altınbaşak in modern Turkey (archaeological excavations at Harran began in the 1950s). The scene in which Abram is first introduced to the reader—a genealogical record about his father Teraḥ—tells us the name of his hometown: After a brief notice about Abram and Nahor’s marriages, the text, without offering a reason, explains that Terah moved his family out of Ur: The name of Abraham’s hometown is mentioned again in the opening to the Covenant between the Parts (ברית בין הבתרים), when God says to Abram: This claim i… Ur Kaśdim atau Ur-Kasdim (אוּר כַּשְׂדִים) adalah nama tempat yang disebut sebagai kota asal Abraham dalam Alkitab Ibrani dan Perjanjian Lama di Alkitab Kristen, khususnya pada Kitab Kejadian.Banyak perdebatan dalam penafsiran tempat ini sebagai kota kelahiran Abraham… The designation "of the Chaldeans" was in this case intended to distinguish it from the land where they were not found. Woolley's identification became the mainstream scholarly opinion on the location of Biblical Ur Kasdim, despite the earlier traditions that Ur Kasdim should lie in Northern Mesopotamia. Ur Kaśdim is mentioned four times in the Hebrew Bible, at Genesis 11:28, Genesis 11:31, Genesis 15:7, and Nehemiah 9:7. The distinction "Kaśdim" is usually rendered in English as "of the Chaldees." In the New Testament, it is described indirectly at Acts 7:4, as the "land of the Chaldeans". This view was particularly noted by Nachmanides (Ramban). God chose to begin the covenant that reached its fulfillment in Jesus Christ with a man from the region that is now Iraq. [13], CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (, A. T. Clay, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1915: "kal'-dez ('ur kasdim; he chora (ton) Chaldaion): For more than 2,000 years efforts have been made to identify the site of this city. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים‎ ʾur kasdim), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham. Biblical Archaeology Review May/June 2001: Where Was Abraham's Ur? Eusebius in his Preparation for the Gospel[11] preserves a fragment of the work Concerning the Jews by the 1st century BCE historian Alexander Polyhistor, which in turn quotes a passage in Concerning the Jews of Assyria by the 2nd century BE historian Eupolemus, which claimed that Abraham was born in the Babylonian city Camarina, which it notes was also called "Uria". was called Chaldea (Kaldu). [16] Editor’s note: For a discussion of this passage and its reception, see Martin Lockshin, "Did an Aramean Try to Destroy our Father?" In 1927 Leonard Woolley identified Ur Kaśdim with the Sumerian city of Ur (founded c. 3800 BC), in southern Mesopotamia, where the Chaldeans settled much later (around the 9th century BC);[12] Ur lay on the boundary of the region later called Kaldu (Chaldea, corresponding to Hebrew Kaśdim) in the first millennium BCE. [20] Nevertheless, this interpretation of moledet as meaning "birthplace" is not universal. The LORD had said to Abram, "Leave your country, your people and your father's household and go to the land I will show you. After a 40-year journey, the Jewish People arrived in the Land of Israel as a nation, as promised to them by God many centuries earlier. Noah takes Abraham under his wing and eventually instructs a now-matured and grown up Abraham to return to Ur Kaśdim and smash the pyramid of Mesopotamian idolatry. script>, War at Yahatz: The Torah Versus the Mesha Stele, Abraham, Smasher of Idols, and the Question of the Torah's Historicity, The Story of the Concubine at Gibeah: A Satire on King Saul, Scribing the Tabernacle: A Visual Midrash Embedded in the Torah Scroll, "The Royal Tombs of Ur Revealed Mesopotamia's Golden Splendor,", "Did an Aramean Try to Destroy our Father? The location of the particular city called "Ur of the Chaldees" is completely unsettled. Not only is there much debate in interpreting Ur Kaśdim as Abraham's birthplace, but also identifying this location. It is mostly translated as "Ur of the Chaldeans." The problem is that there are several places called Ur. In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. And he went out, not knowing where he was going” (Hebrews 11:8). In 1862, Henry Rawlinson first identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. [21], Islamic tradition holds that the site of Abraham's birth is a cave situated near the center of Şanlıurfa. Hebrew Bible Ur Kaśdim is mentioned four times in the Hebrew Bible , at Genesis 11:28 , Genesis 11:31 , Genesis 15:7 , … (Jubilees 11:3).[10]. Rendsburg is the author of seven books and about 190 articles; his most recent book is How the Bible Is Written. A. Clines, ed., The Dictionary of Classical Hebrew, vol. Under the leadership of Joshua, they prepared to cross the Jordan River. Traditionally, the location of Ur is believed to be near or actually be the city of Edessa (modern Şanlıurfa, or simply Urfa) in south-eastern Turkey however, it has been popularly identified since 1927 by Sir Charles Woolley as a Sumerian city named Ur (modern Tell el-Mukayyar). Jubilees also portrays Abraham’s immediate ancestry as dwelling in Ur Kaśdim, beginning with his great-grandfather, Serug, … Recent archaeology work has continued to focus … Ur Kaśdim atau Ur, Chaldees (אוּר כַּשְׂדִים) adalah sebuah pekan yang tertulis didalam Injil Ibrani dan kitab-kitab yang berkaitan yang mengatakan disanalah tempat Nabi Ibrahim a.s. (origin. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים ‎ ʾur kasdim), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham.In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. [1] In 1927, Leonard Woolley excavated the site and identified it as a Sumerian archaeological site where the Chaldeans were to settle around the 9th century BCE. In 1927, Leonard Woolley excavated the site and identified it as a Sumerian archaeological site where the Chaldeans were to settle around the 9th century BCE. In 1927, Leonard Woolley excavated the site and identified it as a Sumerianarchaeological site where the Chaldeans were to settle around the 9th century BCE. [13] For the most relevant study, see Cyrus H. Gordon, “Abraham and the Merchants of Ura,” Journal of Near Eastern Studies 17 (1958), pp. The Book of Jubilees states that Ur was founded in 1688 Anno Mundi (year of the world) by 'Ur son of Kesed, presumably the offspring of Arphaxad, adding that in this same year wars began on Earth. Although not explicitly stated in the Tanakh, it is generally understood to be the birthplace of Abraham. Ur Kaśdim is mentioned four times in the Tanakh, with the distinction "Kaśdim" usually rendered in English as "of the Chaldees." Talmud Yoma 10a identifies Erech with a place called "Urichus",[19] and no tradition exists equating Ur Kaśdim with Urichus or Erech/Uruk. Abram Gen. 17.5) dilahirkan. 600 miles . While the Quran does not mention the king's name, Muslim commentators have assigned Nimrod as the king based on hadiths. And 'Ur, the son of Kesed, built the city of 'Ara of the Chaldees, and called its name after his own name and the name of his father." The Talmud associated Ur with Warka (today identified as Uruk). Some scholars have held that Ur was not a city at all, but simply a word for land. However, the castle in question was only founded during the time of the second Persian Empire (224–651). // Javascript URL redirection Abraham is called by God to leave the house of his father Terah and settle in the land originally given to Canaan but which God now promises to Abraham and his progeny. Abram Gen. 17.5) may have been born. Os argumentos de Ramban eran que Ur Kaśdim foi poboada por descendentes de Cam e, por tanto, non podía ser o lugar de nacemento de Abraham porque era descendente de Sem. Oops! A. T. Clay understood this as an identification of Ur Kaśdim, although Marcellinus makes no explicit claim in this regard. This site is identified by modern scholars with the Sumerian city of Ur located at Tell el-Mukayyar, which in ancient texts was named Uriwa or Urima. Abraham was a native of Ur Kaśdim, an ancient city located on the plains of modern-day Iraq. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים‎ ʾur kasdim), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham. It wasn’t excavated until the 1900’s. [9] The Septuagint Greek used the word Χαλδαίων, or Chaldaion, from which Chaldees is derived. Something went wrong while submitting the form. [15] George Bush, Notes Critical and Practical on the Book of Genesis (New York: Gould, Newman & Saxton, 1839), 189. During Greco-Roman-Byzantine times, the city was called Edessa, one of the great centers of Syriac Christianity. Since then, other scholars have proposed other identifications, including the city of Enoch, as if any city could have survived the Global Flood and been r… It seems that many researchers have different opinions about just where Ur was. According to Islamic texts, Abraham (Ibrahim in Arabic) was thrown into the fire in Ur Kasdim. ", "Arami Oved Avi: The Demonization of Laban,". in the Judaica Press translation). Según el testu bíblicu, la familia de Abraham alcuéntrase en "Ur Kaśdim" (אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים), frecuentemente referida como "Ur de los caldeos".Taré yera de la décima xeneración descendiente de Noé, al traviés de Sem, y los sos fíos fueron Abraham, Nacor y Van Faer.Esti postreru, que'l so fíu foi Lot, morrió na so ciudá natal (Ur). Also, how far did Abraham traveled from Ur to Haran? Tr. And he went out, not knowing where he was going” (Hebrews 11:8). 28‒31. TheTorah (2015); Naomi Graetz, "Arami Oved Avi: The Demonization of Laban," TheTorah (2018). Launched Shavuot 5773 / 2013 | Copyright © Project TABS, All Rights Reserved. Abraham đi đến Harran, lưu lại một thời gian ngắn, rồi cùng vợ Sarai và người cháu tên Lot, cùng các tôi tớ tiếp tục cuộc di cư đến xứ Canaan. "The Book of Jubilees states that Ur Kaśdim was founded in 1687 Anno Mundi (about 2073 B.C.E.) [2] Recent archaeology work has continued to focus on the location in Nasiriyah, where the ancient Ziggurat of Ur is located.[3][4][5][6][7][8]. 20–21, 52. Ur Kaśdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים ‎ ʾur kasdim), commonly translated as Ur of the Chaldeans, is a city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible as the birthplace of the Israelite and Ismaelite patriarch Abraham.In 1862, Henry Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim with Tell el-Muqayyar, near Nasiriyah in southern Iraq. window.location.replace(""); 5 (Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 2001), 632.
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