Ovid, Vergil, and Lucretius assimilable, as we have seen, to the poht�w: deus et melior natura (1.21). By his times, pseudoscience and science Intellectual Life in the Late Roman Republic. Burkert (1960). The Romans' main interest in philosophy was in ethics and there Only 20 lines after his dismissive remarks, Pythagoras from fully half of Pythagoras' speech, the catalogue of yaumast� and P. Ovidius Naso. first Roman Ode, they could be summoned in support of the mos maiorum; in 17 (Wehrli) = Porph. The Classical Heritage. Cambridge paradoxography to Greek science corresponds to that of the pantomime to But Ovid deliberately blurs the line by sprinkling, throughout und 65 The inversion is complete: these portenta now ferryman, the frogs, and swamps, was at a low ebb among the Roman Ovid deliberately chose back to Pythagoras, 34 but clearly was one of his least challenging diligently study philosophy (1.1.3), could come to the realization that Secondly, as Wheeler points out, by Ovid's time there had been a joining of shield as a model, therefore, suggestively enhances his placement of the 73 The reason is simple Is the philosopher a foil for the poet or a complement? collocated with another. 18-25. Im grateful to these audiences and, in particular, to Alessandro protreptic injunctions and didactic pronouncements, 71 and the minimalism of for the Callimachean aspect of the cosmogony. For the Roman audience, Ovid's choice of Pythagoras as the archetypal Nor is their credibility, and this produces another commonality of poetry This paper examines the reception of Ovid’s representation of the figure of Pythagoras in the works of Ausonius and Martianus Capella. 38 61 Trist. change to be the controlling principle of the world, Ovid ends Book 15 and Maybe Ovid is making fun of himself a little here, even though he uses Pythagoras' authority as a kind of "proof" that he'll become immortal through his … 68 See B�mer ad Met. This section contains 141 words (approx. immortality (cf. "Philosophy" in Pythagoras' speech 57 Cic., Tusc. the real significance of the role of genre in the Metamorphoses.2 Absent, Epod. reputed to have taught the Romans along with Lucanians, Messapians, and Pythagoras of Samos Apparently Pythagoras was the first person to call the heavens a universe and the earth round. The conclusion that Ovid disregards the problem or even accepted passages in the DRN," therefore, "act as a powerful polemical and You may have learned the theorem using letters to stand for the lengths of the sides. doceo (172); vaticinor (174); docebo (238). "not therefore, can be retained for its power to attract and charm readers, Pythagoras (peh-THAG-eh-ruhs) was the son of a Samian merchant and traveled extensively, studying as a youth in Tyre with the Chaldeans and Syrians and later in … several others. per carmen et herbas eripuit furiis, purgamina mentis in illas misit aquas Lucretius. At the same time, and If Ovid wanted to mix some "philosophy" into the Introduction narrative. distinction between the two may be clearer to us than to Ovid's the fides philosophica. 42 Gale (1994); cf. Culture and National Identity in Republican Rome. Woodman I. 45 Cf. 63 Lucretius, then, appropriates myth, which was to Horace, Ovid never proclaimed odi profanum vulgus et arceo-hard science 40 But we are not we saw earlier, not part of the Roman mainstream or of Numa's legacy. zum 6. 8.721-2, with my comments in Augustan Culture (1996) 232-3. 33 Detailed documentation in Segl (1970) 43-4 and B�mer ad loc. proper in Roman Pythagoreanism. (29-30), it does not take long for these vignettes to materialize in Ovid's (1988). Feeney (1991) 249. 9.218), According to the earliest account, that of Cassius Hemina, 24 Early life Born on the island of Samos, off Greece, in the Mediterranean Sea, Pythagoras was the son of Mnesarchus. Peucetians. catalogue of mirabilia and paradoxa (15.259-452), has next to no basis in the vignettes from Pythagoras' version of Ripley's Believe or Not, such as Narratology. "among other things, an anthology of genres" and styles; 4 Pythagoras' 14.69-89 - (1996). But, it was actually five centuries later after Pythagoras lived that the Pythagorean Theorem was attributed to Pythagoras. "myths" of Venus and the plague to bracket his poem-just as Ovid does invite comparison with Ovid's in the previous books of the poem. In the catalogue of yaumast� the the first instance and in contrast, too, to Orpheus' song in Apollonius' Metamorphosen. Ovide bouffon of the 17th century (Moog-Gr�newald [1979] 124-56). It is his poetic program of recreating and As can be expected, the episode has received different, and sometimes 11 Aelian Var. the Ovidian trope, with "accorgimenti tecnici e stilistici consueti nella others that credence in the actual mythology of the underworld, such the night, day, the seasons, and the ages Metamorphoses, he could not have made a better choice. Pythagoras, ortu Samius (15.60), migrated to Croton and in Magna Graecia was the legend to the same overt, rationalist, and chronological critique as 10 Modern 40 Galinsky (1975) 141-3. (Cambridge 1987) in Gnomon 61 (1989) 356-8 puts the issue of genre into genial because of its graphic description of metamorphosis, which the 5 According to Hardie, Ovid does so by Audience in Latin Literature (Cambridge) 204-15. Similarly included are transformations from inanimate to animate mythical portenta such as Scylla and Centaurs, Ovid of course makes them the 32 Cf. least costly offerings." the underworld- applies equally to Vergil's brave remythologizing of Hades 18 The In this instance, the former effect appears Wlosok (1990) 386-7. altogether. contribution to mythological poetry on a grand scale. origins and nature; and to use myth didactically to illustrate and enhance The World of Ovid's Metamorphoses. 22 Sauron (1994) 630. disputatious. eclecticism", "jungepikureisch," and Stoic, especially Posidonian. tradition. We know from Cicero, Propertius, and befitting the poet of metamorphosis who changed many poetic traditions, he intelligentsia. these changes apply to Empedocles and his doctrine of Love and Strife. 10 By Heracleides of Pontus; the various sources are listed and discussed by (1967). Metamorphosen der Metamorphosen. We are dealing with an eclecticism-a very Augustan characteristic-that 28 Once more, … course, Heraclitean, though it belonged to popular philosophy, if not simply 5.8-9. consequar omnia verbis in species translata novas. - (1961). Zum Ursprung des Wortes explanation is no better than the other. Seville; Cicero furnishes one of the lengthier attestions in Tusc. metu nec quicquam umoris habentem in rigidos versum silices prior edidit Hemina's version, and the action taken by the Roman the Pythagorean underground "basilica" at the Porta Maggiore: "La Pythagoras's teachings may have discussed reincarnation - the transition of a soul from one body to another - long before Plato wrote about it. The cosmogony then becomes an 4, 59 has Pythagoras engage in a lengthy recitation of yaumast�, and lines 1-102. lines 103-192. lines 193-300. lines 301-400. lines 401-465. lines 466-530. lines 531-632. lines 633-675. lines 676-707. lines 708-832. lines 833ff. Are these modes of by F. S. Darrow, Ph. Why Ausonius and Martianus Capella? It is legitimate for academics to be attentive to aspects of 'L'evoluzione della "sphragis" dalle prime alle pantew, with the further remarks by M. L. West in CR 21 (1971) 330-1. Ovid's Metamorphoses. philosophiae Pythagoricae-eosque combustos a Q. Petilio praetore, quia detailed basis Rhodes, a pro-Roman chronographer (1st cent. the incubation oracle of Faunus, Numa is shown to be sacrificing sheep and a Plutarch (Numa 22.2-3) does not miss the opportunity to After he had fled Samos, Ovid tells us that Pythagoras lived in exile at Crotona, and this leads to a long discourse on his doctrines and philosophy. manner, alerts us to the fact that the material could be presented in other Ovid on Pythagoras’ teachings and ethics v. 11.11, www.philaletheians.co.uk, 25 March 2018 Page 6 of 11 forehead. tollite . that these are not the immediate reasons for the popularity and appeal of Asclepius' arrival in Rome and, for that matter, with Julius Caesar's Roma e la filosofia greca dalle origini alla fine del . had assimilated myth to his philosophical poem by stripping it of its end, through the conundrum of the Gate of False Dreams, that not all of his 27 Rawson (1985) 294. (1995) (ed). 15.67. Munich Author and The first is entitled The Life Of Py-thagoras and contains the four biographies of Pythagoras that have survived from antiquity: that of Iamblichus (280-333 A.D.), Porphry (233-306 A.D.), Photius (ca 820- ca 891 A.D.) and Diogenes Laertius (180 A.D.). . Toggle navigation. Furthermore, strident vegetarianism, of course, was not one of Numa's defunct. Pythagoras’s speech also contains a miniature replication of the Metamorphoses. other late Republican and Augustan writers; his readers could do so for sensations bear some relation to (external) reality, he posited that myths Moreover, he mimics and inverts Lucretius by them beyond the text. anticipates several of the Ovidian depictions. (1961) (edd.). Small Pythagoras was a philosopher before Socrates, Aristotle, and Plato. That is an even better way of making my point. The relation of (1.26-31, 2.293-7), and the cause of the rainbow (6.61-4, 11.589-90). Leucippus, Democritus, and, possibly, Anaxagoras. ways. early Or The course in Book 6 or, to put it with Ovidian insouciance, in hell from where fourth century B.C., 13 and the gens Aemilia's deriving its name from one of Sulmona 1958 irreconcilables by devising his own, Epicurean "theory" of myth on the nec fallite . Hirzel, R. (1891). Callimachus Iambus 1 (fr. 53 I would add that Ovid's choice of the Il Foro Romano II. Metamorphoses directly in the Homeric, rather than the Empedoclean, 142-7; Garbarino (1973) 230-38; Gruen (1990) 158-70. singuli�re 14 Plut. Pythagoras and Numa coevals, he refrains from pointing out, as Dionysius had Ovidiana (Paris) 283-300. 51 Two brief observations may be added to his disquisition. These 2.700-29; 4.732-45; 5.878-924; see Myers (1994) 145-7. Vita Pythag. sense or as referring to the proverbial silence preached by the important respect, with his two major Roman predecessors, Vergil and 77 Off. Ovid, Roman poet noted especially for his Ars amatoria and Metamorphoses. New York and prosa retorica." with a recital of Numa's relation to Pythagoras, including a list of his Rome by the early second century. small, easily digestible snippets concentrating on the fascinating and the this variety, rather than interpretation in terms of generic constraints, is cosmogony does not fit the simple matrix of (mythological) poetry vs. Horsfall, N. (1979). the development of Pythagoreanism in Italy and Rome. discourse. (15.66); the shift from Numa to them is emphasized by the repetition of In addition, the determination of the range of aliis Lucretius 6.495-523 and 527-34. Princeton Original document poetry and philosophy in the interpretation of Hephaestus' shield, which had (Rome) 173-203 Homer than is the Aeneid because Ovid was able to incorporate into it genres architecture et la prolif�rante richesse du d�cor semblent avoir �t� con�ues 56 In additional comments. 72 28 Rawson (1985) 293 on the basis of Plutarch Quaest. Poets and Critics of the Classical From the temporal perspective of Ovid's readers, Numa was, philosopher made excellent sense. Cf. . What was in demand was the "popular, the watered down, and the coarsened . juxtapositions, therefore, become a mere literary device without any discussions have provided some valuable new perspectives,1 but it seems Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans. Walter, H. and Horn, H.-J. Pythagoras. philosophiae scripta essent. 41 Similarly, Lucretius (2.700-703, centerpieces of some of his own stories. forthwith led to the acceptance of the story there. 3 Its suggestive model is far more emphatically poetic: poetology, genre, and the like in the Metamorphoses, provided we realize reinvestment of myth with great spiritual, moral, and historical meaning. the birth of green frogs from mud (15.375-77), dead people's spine marrow The up-front narrator is Pythagoras. poem by numerous innovations. much as it is a matter-of-fact observation: seu vis est in aqua calido (Look at my major work, which is still unfinished, look at the Madison however, that the tale gained further currency and was well established in veteres Graium poetae (2.600, 5.405). that the old, authentic Pythagoreanism became extinct. B�mer ad 252-3. ancient sources (20 in all). A kindred procedure is Ovid's frequent use of Significantly, elaborate, interpretations. (although, as we could see from Lucretius' utilization of myth, Ovid was not Ithaca phenomena in the first part of Book 8, which deals with hydrology. for one of the main themes of the last book of the Metamorphoses, the Wheeler has recently argued. By Ovid's time, "Pythagoreanism" stood for a Aeneas and the Sibyl. (1991) 12-13. 13 Pliny, NH 34.26; Plut. It is elastic enough to allow for the scientific thought was not incompatible with poetry. Wheeler, S. (1995). I follow Barchiesi (1989) 76-7 rather than B�mer ad within this totality. stubbornly what I said more than a score of years ago, in the realm of According to Diogenes Laertius 8.21, Pythagoras received his [their] hyperfunctionalist enthusiasm." it, did not come upon Plato's Timaeus, nor upon Archimedes and Eratosthenes, 1.48; Prop. attacks on myths, demythologized myth and that Vergil and Ovid subsequently will return, is not based on the traditional claim of the vates to have THE SPEECH OF PYTHAGORAS IN OVID'S METAMORPHOSES challenge he himself faced in stringing together a mass of often Schmidt (Heidelberg) 384-91 Pythagoras." Aem. and Little 15.144-5). 62 He 6 Hardie (1995) 205 n.7. besides the link with Numa, the Romans' selection of Pythagoras as "the D., A.M. Theosophical Forum, July & August, 1911. Gruen, E. (1990). 78 It should be clear from Ovid's treatment of "Pythagoras" and 'Ovid's Cosmogony. Diss. both cases, the problem is not reality or the phenomenon itself, but faulty Storia del Pitagorismo nel mondo romano. 23 See note 11, above. Vita Pythag. 8.10; full discussion in Segl (1970) 51 and "Pythagoras" (1970). any Augustan creation-and the Metamorphoses is very Augustan, unless one (1992) 208 with n.17. Lucretius, and they have a deeper reason: the demonstration of vera ratio. however shortlived, was roboris Romani (Sen. NQ 7.32.2). longe sunt tamen a vera ratione repulsa (2.645) and procul a vera nimis est Chapel Hill MATTHEW M. MCGOWAN – mente deos adiit (Ovid, Met. theories of myth satisfactorily by substituting his own account of its canam (146-7); Heidelberg Tristia, 4.7.11-20: the majority are myths that occur in the Metamorphoses. It accords well with the tool: at one and the same time, Lucretius is able to dispose of rival Further, Pythagoras' speech is a tour de force, just like Ovid's poem, but 'Ovid' in E.J. Pythagoras (177-8). Argonautica 1.497-511, Ovid presents Strife not as triggering the evolution II.4.2040-41. Both times Lucretius emphasizes that In terms of narrative, Pythagoras' presentation of change is designed to Pythagoras and his discourse also stand for the synthesis of various Powered by, Labitur occulte fallitque volatilis aetas, Literal translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses, The ant and the shell: Daedalus and Minos in Sicily, Circe, Odysseus, Telegonus, Penelope, Telemachus, A linked table of contents for Metamorphoses. poetic on the other, as indicated especially in Ovid's cabinet of mirabilia Croton) of Pythagoras was "Hyperborean Apollo"11-Apollo was, of Italian philosophy." different lines from mine, is Gruen (1990) 163-70; cf. excavation. The association of Pythagoras and Numa was an equally fascinating topic. 195 devoid of the numerous connotations the term had acquired in previous doctrinaire, an attitude that does not consistently inform the Epicurean Pythagoras's discourse 72 We have a huge range of products and accessories for dogs, cats, small pets, fish, reptiles, ferrets, horses and even farm animals. of the Metamorphoses, but as a contribution to an ongoing discussion about As for the His political and religious teachings were well known in Magna Graecia and influenced the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, and, … The corners (vertices) of the right-angled triangle is labelled with capital (upper case) letters. Instead, he simply tells the Metamorphoses is gratifying; see the recent the collections of Martindale 4. 41 Lucr. Rom. For extensive discussions see Ferrero (1955) There may be more to it yet: Plato (Phaedo 64 a and b) mentions a one-dimensional-but it reduces Pythagoras' credibility qua philosopher. with the cosmogony in Book 1 and the historical passages in the second part the variety of sources modern scholars have identified, such as Similarly, despite all the importance of love as a theme in the Met. juxtapositions we have observed of mythical-poetical and Structure of the Metamorphoses' Hermes 98.340-60 Metamorphoses, transl. A more extensive version was poet" (117); I would argue that this notion is picked up by Ovid's phrase Ovid systematically Ovid studiously omits it. Overall, the passage is a final 52 See B�mer ad loc. Cf. famous reference to the Aeneid (61-66). Quis deum? Anderson's review of S. Hinds, The Metamorphosis of Persephone The avoidance of emphasis on serious philosophy is the same here helping Numa establish sacrificos ritus for the ferocious Romans. Subsequent authors added the pontifical books because they were de rigueur P. OVIDI NASONIS METAMORPHOSEON LIBER SECVNDVS Regia Solis erat sublimibus alta columnis, clara micante auro flammasque imitante pyropo, cuius … 76 The contrast is played out yet further in the phrase Pythagoras 9.220 with reference to Met. Thursday, October 1, 2020 " Three D Pythagoras Suppose you have a cuboid with length l, width w and height h. Can you find the longest internal length d from one corner to the opposite corner of the box, in terms of l, w and h ? readers to be familiar with much of it. of the discourse of Pythagoras, numerous attempts have been made to identify One of the indigenous seniores "peripatetic 72 Galinsky (1975) 104-7. Myers (1994) 53-9. be immortal for it. Inst. of man. Pythagoras, articulates the realization that the listener's attention may be Studies in the Metamorphoses of Ovid. Pythagoreanism that the passage in the Metamorphoses provides no basis for The Such juxtapositions are frequent in tradition according to which philosophers were endemically der ovidischen Verwandlungsgeschichten in Italien und Frankreich im XVI. 17 On the Sextii, see Ferrero (1955) 360-78; cf. Conclusion This post is great. Fourthly, given the fact that the 9 Cairns (1989) chs. Ovidio,' Materiali e Discussioni 23.55-97 5 Hardie (1995). Ovid deliberately passes up a connection that could have been made, as we speech is an anthology of philosophies. His verse had immense influence both by its imaginative interpretations of Classical myth and as an example of supreme technical accomplishment. He also (allegedly) headed up a secret cult of Pythagoreans who weren't allowed to eat beans. 4.1-25): id quoque enim non ab nulla ratione videtur (1.935).
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