Comparing the regions where haplogroup R1a is found today with the modern mtDNA frequencies, it transpires that the maternal lineages that correlate the most with Y-haplogroup R1a are mt-haplogroups C4a, H1b, H1c, H2a1, H6, H7, H11, T1a1a1, U2e, U4, U5a1a and W, as well as some subclades of I, J, K, T2 and V. See the main article for more details: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); The Drake DNA Surname Project managed to identify the haplogroup of Sir Francis Drake, the famous English navigator and privateer from the Elizabethan era. The frequency of R1a1a is comparatively low among some Turkic-speaking groups including Turks and Azeris. (2013) found R1a1-SRY10831.2 in 30.0% (12/40) of a sample of Tajiks from Tajikistan. No such early samples of R1a have so far been found in Iran. King Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, belongs to haplogroup R1a-Z280 (north-western Slavic S18681 subclade) according to the testing of a distant cousin with FTDNA. [47] It apparently accounts for about 8% of Polish men, making it the most common subclade in Poland. (2003) reported R1a1a to be the dominant haplogroup in Ashkenazi Levites (52%), although rare in Ashkenazi Cohanim (1.3%). 5,800 years ago ; Haplogroup R1a1a … Little is know for certain about R1a's place of origin. 1956), best known for his roles in the films Philadelphia, Forrest Gump, Saving Private Ryan, Catch Me If You Can, The Da Vinci Code, was found to belong to haplogroup R1a-Z284 > S4458 > S5301 > S5153 > YP959 through the Hanks DNA Surname Project as a descendant of William Hanks of Richmond, Virginia. The Swedish actor Max von Sydow, who played in eleven films by Ingmar Bergman and many Hollywood movies and series, including more recently Game of Thrones, was identified as a member of haplogroup R1a-Z280 (Pomeranian P269 subclade) through the the test of a 2nd paternal cousin at FTDNA. [94], The frequency of R1a1a is comparatively low among some Turkic-speaking groups like Yakuts, yet levels are higher (19 to 28%) in certain Turkic or Mongolic-speaking groups of Northwestern China, such as the Bonan, Dongxiang, Salar, and Uyghurs.[13][95][96]. Over 70% of the Brahmins (highest caste in Hindusim) belong to R1a1, due to a founder effect. Vous inscrire sur le blog. They appear to have been attracted by the natural resources of the Zeravshan valley for a Petrovka copper-mining colony was established in Tugai around 1900 BCE, and tin was extracted soon afterwards at Karnab and Mushiston. Vladimir Arse… (2017) found R1a-M198 in 6.03% (78/1294) of a set of samples of Kazakhs from Kazakhstan. "[35][note 15]. International Society of Genetic Genealogy (ISOGG; 2015), "Punctuated bursts in human male demography inferred from 1,244 worldwide Y-chromosome sequences", "Massive migration from the steppe is a source for Indo-European languages in Europe", "Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians", "Big deal of 2016: the territory of present-day Iran cannot be the Indo-European homeland", "Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain", "Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans", "The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia", "Dienekes' Anthropology Blog: Major new article on the deep origins of Y-haplogroup R1a (Underhill et al. The R1a family tree now has three major levels of branching, with the largest number of defined subclades within the dominant and best known branch, R1a1a (which will be found with various names such as "R1a1" in relatively recent but not the latest literature). 1967), best known for being the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360�, belongs to haplogroup R1a according to the PBS TV series Finding Your Roots. This haplogroup is defined by the presence of the M3 mutation (also known as SY103). By extension, the whole Radziwiłł family would belong to that haplogroup. Nikolay Przhevalsky(1839-1888) : was a Russian geographer and a renowned explorer of Central and East Asia. (2009) found it to be present in modern European populations roughly between the Rhine catchment and the Ural Mountains and traced it to "a founder effect that [...] falls into the early Holocene period, 7.9±2.6 KYA. R1a is distinguished by several unique markers, including the M420 mutation. Latvian and Lithuanian clades of R1a include typical Balto-Slavic lineages like M458, CTS1211 and Z92, as well as some Ashkenazi Jewish (CTS6), Germanic (L664 and Z284) and even Indo-Iranian lineages (Z93>Z94>L657). R1a1a*(xM458) chromosomes are observed outside Europe, in particular in South Asia (Figure 1, Supplementary Table S4), but given the lack of informative SNP markers the ultimate source area of haplogroup R1a dispersals remains yet to be refined.--Andrew Lancaster 08:36, 8 November 2009 (UTC) There are many issues with this scenario. Proto-Indo-Iranian speakers, the people who later called themselves 'Aryans' in the Rig Veda and the Avesta, originated in the Sintashta-Petrovka culture (2100-1750 BCE), in the Tobol and Ishim valleys, east of the Ural Mountains. This cluster is common in Poland but not exclusive to Poland. Its two main branches Oghuz and Oghur could be seen as two languages about as distant as Spanish and Italian, and languages within each branch like regional dialects of Spanish and Italian. The mutation was probably passed on in the Early neolithic to other Near Eastern populations, which explains why Neolithic farmers in Europe already carried the A111T allele (e.g. The Balto-Slavic lineages include the following deep clades, most with a relatively recent TMRCA. The DNA of King B�la III of Hungary (c. 1148-1196) was tested by Olasz et al. Saag et al. It is likely that a minority of R1a people accompanied this migration of R1b tribes. [67], Further to the north of these Middle Eastern regions on the other hand, R1a1a levels start to increase in the Caucasus, once again in an uneven way. The basic test pack of 23andMe and LivingDNA includes the Y-DNA results. Distribution of haplogroup R1a-M458 in Europe, Distribution of haplogroup R1a-M558 (CTS1211) in Europe, Distribution of haplogroup R1a-Z93 in Eurasia. 22,000[1] or 25,000[2] years ago, which is the time of the last glacial maximum. (2015) found that part of the Yamnaya ancestry derived from the Middle East and that neolithic techniques probably arrived at the Yamnaya culture from the Balkans. In Pakistan it is found at 71% among the Mohanna tribe in Sindh province to the south and 46% among the Baltis of Gilgit-Baltistan to the north. A 2011 Y-dna study found that 10% of Northern Han Chinese from eastern Gansu and 8.9% of Northern Han from western Henan had the Y-dna R1a1. This suggests that the Indo-European invasion of India was conducted mostly by men through war. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. This is supported by a strong presence of both R1a and N1c1 haplogroups from southern Finland to Lithuania and in northwest Russia. Корниенко И. В., Водолажский Д. И. Использование нерекомбинантных маркеров Y-хромосомы в исследованиях древних популяций (на примере поселения Танаис)//Материалы Донских антропологических чтений. The fact that present-day Scandinavia is composed of roughly 40% of I1, 20% of R1a and 40% of R1b reinforces the idea that the Germanic ethnicity and language had acquired a tri-hybrid character by the Iron Age. Nowadays, high frequencies of R1a are found in Poland (57.5% of the population), Ukraine (40 to 65%), European Russia (45 to 65%), Belarus (51%), Slovakia (42%), Latvia (40%), Lithuania (38%), the Czech Republic (34%), Hungary (32%), Norway (27%), Austria (26%), Croatia (24%), north-east Germany (24%) Sweden (19%), and Romania (18%). R1a shows a strong correlation with Indo-European languages of Southern and Western Asia, Central and Eastern Europe and to some extent Scandinavia[10][3] being most prevalent in Eastern Europe, West Asia, and South Asia. Other migratory waves brought more Turkic speakers to Eastern and Central Europe, like the Khazars, the Avars, the Bulgars and the Turks (=> see 5000 years of migrations from the Eurasian steppes to Europe). The Balkans have been subject to 5000 years of migrations from the Eurasian Steppes, each bringing new varieties of R1a. A relative paucity of "Indian" haplgroup H (< 10%). (2006) reported R-SRY1532.2* for 1/15 Himachal Pradesh Rajput samples.[31]. In 2005, geneticist Bryan Sykes asked for DNA samples from clan chiefs (Lord Godfrey Macdonald, Sir Ian Macdonald of Sleat, Ranald MacDonald of Clan Ranald, William McAlester of Loup and Ranald MacDonnell of Glengary) to complete the project, and all matched the presumed Somerled haplotype. The Radziwiłł are a princely lineage originally from Lithuania who also played an important role in Belarusian, Polish and German history. David Hume was one of the fathers of the Scottish Enlightenment and one of the leading Empiricist philosophers. (2016) note that 'striking expansions' occurred within R1a-Z93 at ~4,500–4,000 years ago, which "predates by a few centuries the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilisation. On the other hand, the A111T mutation was absent from the 24,000-year-old R* sample (Mal'ta boy) from Siberia, and is absent from most modern R2 populations in Southeast India and Southeast Asia. This family of lineages is dominated by M17 and M198. The explanation is that Turkic languages replaced the Iranian tongues of Central Asia between the 4th and 11th century CE. [50][51][59], Haplogroup R1a has later been found in ancient fossils associated with the Urnfield culture;[60] as well as the burial of the remains of the Sintashta,[16] Andronovo,[61] the Pazyryk,[62] Tagar,[61] Tashtyk,[61] and Srubnaya cultures, the inhabitants of ancient Tanais,[63] in the Tarim mummies,[64] and the aristocracy Xiongnu. The Croatian R1a-Y2608 also expanded from Poland during the same period, but via Czechia, Slovakia, Austria and Slovenia. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d.). (2017), "[the prevalence of R1a in India was] very powerful evidence for a substantial Bronze Age migration from central Asia that most likely brought Indo-European speakers to India. The light skin allele is also found at a range of 15 to 30% in in various ethnic groups in northern sub-Saharan Africa, mostly in the Sahel and savannah zones inhabited by tribes of R1b-V88 cattle herders like the Fulani and the Hausa. Individuals from the southern part of the Steppe are believed to have carried predominantly lineages belonging to haplogroup R1b (L23 and subclades), while the people of northern forest-steppe to the north would have belonged essentially to haplogroup R1a. Horse-drawn war chariots seem to have been invented by Sintashta people around 2100 BCE, and quickly spread to the mining region of Bactria-Margiana (modern border of Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan). [3], R1a1a1b1a2b3* (M417+, Z645+, Z283+, Z282+, Z280+, CTS1211+, CTS3402, Y33+, CTS3318+, Y2613+) (Gwozdz's Cluster K)[37][verification needed] is a STR based group that is R-M17(xM458). ", Lucotte (2015) dates the origin in the subcontinent to approximately 15,500 year before present, Sengupta et al. The late Unetice culture expanded to Scandinavia, founding the Nordic Bronze Age. So why is it that Indo-European languages only survives in Slavic Russia or in the southern part of Central Asia, in places like Tajikistan, Afghanistan or some parts of Turkmenistan ? The mutations that characterize haplogroup R1b occurred ~30,000 years bp, whereas the mutations that characterize haplogroup R1a occurred ~10,000 years bp. Based on descendant testing, it appears most likely that the sultans of the Ottoman dynasty belonged to haplogroup R1a-Z93. 132 Neue Hypothesen über die Urheimat der Arier (Leipzig, 1906) O. Schraders Hypothese von der südrussischen Urheimat der Indogermanen (Leipzig, 1908. The Indo-Iranian migrations progressed further south across the Hindu Kush. It is easy to assume that the Tarim mummies were Proto-Tocharian speakers due to the corresponding location and the Indo-European connection. All Iranian R1a individuals carried the M198 and M17 mutations except one individual in a sample of Iranians from Gilan (n=27), who was reported to belong to R1a-SRY1532.2(xM198, M17). The age of these subclades concord with the historical Slavic expansion during the Late Antiquity and Early Middle Ages. The Huns were the descendants of the Xiongnu. The origin of Afghans differ from ethnicity to ethnicity, for example, the Hazara are thought to be the descendants of the Genghis Khan and his army who married and assimilated with the local Afghans. R-M420 has a third branch R1a2 (R-YP4141). For over a thousand years while this culture existed, the Proto-Germanic R1b et R1a-L664 tribes would have acquired vocabulary from the pre-existing Corded Ware population that they assimilated, which was itself a blend of Proto-Balto-Slavic languages (linked to haplogroup R1a-Z284) and languages of non-Indo-European origin (linked to haplogroups G2a, I1 and I2). While R1a originated ca. Regional disparities also exist in ex-Yugoslavia, but among deeper clades. [35][36] According to Sengupta et al. The modern inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, the Uyghurs, belong both to this R1b-M73 subclade (about 20%) and to R1a1 (about 30%). [55] - at Alexandria, Ukraine ca. (2018) each retrieved the Y-DNA from six Srubna individuals, and all 12 of them belonged to haplogroup R1a. The series of mutations that made haplogroup R1* evolve into R1a probably took place during or soon after the Last Glacial Maxium. The R1b-R1a contingent moved up the Danube to the Panonian plain around 2800 BCE, brought to an end the local Bell Beaker culture (circa 2200 BCE) and Corded Ware culture (c. 2400 BCE) in Central Europe, and set up the Unetice culture (2300-1600 BCE) around Bohemia and eastern Germany. Die Aufspaltung der Haplogruppe R in R1 und R2 ist durch einen Fund in Mal’ta am Baikalsee belegt. In that latter scenario, R1a would have crossed the Caucasus during the Neolithic, alongside R1b, to colonise the Pontic-Caspian Steppe. Unetice can be seen as the source of future Germanic, Celtic and Italic cultures, and is associated mainly with the L11 subclade of R1b. [48] In addition to Poland, it is mainly found in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, and is considered "clearly West Slavic." A forensic analysis was conducted by McCall et al. This is supported by the fact that Germanic people are a R1a-R1b hybrid, that these two haplogroups came via separate routes at different times, and that Proto-Germanic language is closest to Proto-Italo-Celtic, but also shares similarities with Proto-Slavic. The American actor, producer, writer, and director Tom Hanks (b. Hess flew solo to Scotland in an attempt to negotiate peace with the United Kingdom during World War II. The oldest identified presence of European mtDNA around Mongolia and Lake Baikal dates back to over 6,000 years ago. [68][69][70][12][71], There is a significant presence in peoples of Scandinavian descent, with highest levels in Norway and Iceland, where between 20 and 30% of men are in R1a1a. The presence of the N3a haplogroup is interesting because it rarely appears among modern Hungarians (unlike in other Finno-Ugric-speaking peoples) but was found in 37.5% of the Hungarian Conquerors. R-M17) as a subclade, so Eu19 was named R1a1. The majority (about 70%) are members of the Celtic haplogroup R1b. 2,500 BCE, accounting for 75% of the genetic ancestry of the Corded Ware culture, noting that R1a and R1b may have "spread into Europe from the East after 3,000 BCE". While R1a originated ca. The DNA analysis of the only known extant DNA sample from prisoner �Spandau #7� proved to be a match to the Hess male line, thereby refuting the Doppelg�nger Theory. The Indo-Iranian migrations have resulted in high R1a frequencies in southern Central Asia, Iran and the Indian subcontinent. B�la was a member of the �rp�d dynasty, which ruled over Hungary (and Croatia from 1091) from the arrival of the Magyars in the 9th century until 1301. "[36] According to Martin P. Richards, co-author of Silva et al. Three are R1a1a1b, one R1b1a and one Q1a. His Y-DNA was identified as R1a (possibly the Z93 branch and Z2123>Y934 clade based on STR values, but unconfirmed), while his mtDNA was H1b. Изучение Ригведы в дореволюционной России (1830—1917 гг.) The Shimar (Shammar) Bedouin tribe in Kuwait show the highest frequency in the Middle East at 43%.[101][102][103]. Insbesondere tragen 17,5% der Inder die Haplogruppe R1a, die heute in ganz Zentralasien, Europa und Südasien weit verbreitet ist. Haplogruppe R1a Arier Haplogruppe R1a (Y-DNA) - Wikipedi . Chronologically, the first R1a invaders might have come with the westward expansion of the Sredny Stog culture (from 4200 BCE), which led the way to a succession of steppe migrations that lasted for over 2,000 years until the end of the Yamna culture (3500-2000 BCE). In fact, not all Romanian R1a is of Slavic origin. An analysis of the Hume DNA Project has provided conclusive evidence that the Scottish philosopher, historian and economist David Hume (1711-1776) belonged to haplogroup R1a-Z284 > S4458 > S5301 > S5153 > L448 > CTS4179. 99% R1a people belong to subclades of R1a1a1 (R1a-M417), which is divided in the following subclades: The first major expansion of R1a took place with the westward propagation of the Corded Ware (or Battle Axe) culture (2800-1800 BCE) from the northern forest-steppe in the Yamna homeland. [72][73] Vikings and Normans may have also carried the R1a1a lineage westward; accounting for at least part of the small presence in the British Isles. Find link is a tool written by Edward Betts.. searching for Forensic Science International: Genetics 122 found (129 total) alternate case: forensic Science International: Genetics Haplogroup T-M184 (18,695 words) exact match in snippet view article find links to article Y-STR loci analyzed in four Eastern African countries," ^ Forensic Science International: Genetics, 2016 Plaster; et … The Nordic Bronze Age was a melting pot of these three populations, which intermingled both genetically and linguistically, little by little creating a new ethnicity and culture as time went by. [15] A male from the Comb Ceramic culture in Kudruküla ca. As a member of the Kussad/Qussad family, I will share that our Y-DNA test revealed that we belong to haplogroup: R1a1a, which is a "Slavic" marker which came from Europe north of the Black Sea. Denn das alte Volk aus dem die Slawen hervorgekommen sind, ist eng mit der Geschichte und Sprache der Slawen und Arier verwandt. The Baltic branch is thought to have evolved from the Fatyanovo culture (3200-2300 BCE), the northeastern extension of the Corded Ware culture. R1a1a1c (M64.2, M87, M204) is apparently rare: it was found in 1 of 117 males typed in southern Iran. "The evidence that the Steppe_MLBA [Middle to Late Bronze Age] cluster is a plausible source for the, Kivisild et al. Not all Macdonalds, MacAlisters and MacDougalls are descended from Somerled though. (2014) the diversification of Z93 and the "early urbanization within the Indus Valley [...] occurred at [5,600 years ago] and the geographic distribution of R1a-M780 (Figure 3d[note 6]) may reflect this. [3] Sahoo et al. "[25][note 8], However, according to Narasimhan et al. All of them belong to the typically north-western European R1a-L664 (DYS388=10). The R1b branch of the Indo-Europeans is thought to have originated in the southern Yamna culture (northern shores of the Black Sea).